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The frequent expression of cancer/testis antigens provides opportunities for immunotherapeutic targeting of sarcoma

Maha Ayyoub, Robert N. Taub, Mary-Louise Keohan, Mary Hesdorffer, Genevieve Metthez, Lorenzo Memeo, Mahesh Mansukhani, Hanina Hibshoosh, Charles S. Hesdorffer and Danila Valmori
Maha Ayyoub
1Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Robert N. Taub
2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Mary-Louise Keohan
2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Mary Hesdorffer
2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Genevieve Metthez
1Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Lorenzo Memeo
3Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Mahesh Mansukhani
3Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Hanina Hibshoosh
3Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Charles S. Hesdorffer
2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Danila Valmori
1Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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DOI:  Published January 2004
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    Figure 1

    Impact of 5-AZA-CdR on CTA expression in sarcoma cells and recognition by CTLs. (A) RT-PCR analysis of untreated tumor cells or cells treated with 5-AZA-CdR. (B) Antigen recognition of SW 872 sarcoma cells by CTA-specific CTLs in the absence (white bars) or presence (dashed bars) of 1 µg/ml of the corresponding peptide.

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    Figure 2

    Expression of NY-ESO-1 antigen in a patient with synovial sarcoma. The expression of NY-ESO-1 in a tumor specimen from patient SS case 2 was assessed using monoclonal antibody ES121. For comparison, ES121-specific staining is shown for spermatogonia/primary spermatocytes in the periphery of seminiferous tubles.

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    Figure 3

    Spontaneous immune response to NY-ESO-1 antigen in SS case 2. (A) The presence of NY-ESO-1-specific circulating antibodies was assessed by ELISA using serial serum dilutions. (B) NY-ESO-1-specific CTLs were assessed among circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes, 1 wk after in vitro stimulation with peptide NY-ESO-1157-165, using fluorescent soluble HLA-A2/NY-ESO-1 peptide multimers and anti-CD8 mAb.

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  • Table 1
  • Table 2

    Comparison of NY-ESO-1 expression in sarcoma tumors as assessed by PCR or IHC.

    Histological subtype Case no. NY-ESO-1
    PCR a IHC b
    Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1 +++ 3/pos
    2 - 0/neg
    3 + 2/pos
    4 - 0/neg
    5 - 0/neg
    Synovial sarcoma 1 +++ 2-3/pos
    2 +++ 3/pos
    Uterine leiomyosarcoma 1 + 1/neg
    2 - 1/neg
    3 - 0/neg
    4 + 2/pos
    5 +++ 3/pos
    Leiomyosarcoma 1 - 0/neg
    2 - 1/neg
    3 - 0/neg
    4 - 1/neg
    5 - 0/neg
    6 - 0/neg
    7 - 1/neg
    Angiosarcoma 1 + 1/neg
    2 ++ 2/pos
    3 - 1/neg
    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 1 ++ 2/pos
    2 - 1/neg
    3 - 1/neg
    4 - 1/neg
    5 - 0/neg
    Liposarcoma 1 - 1/neg
    2 +++ 3/pos
    3 - 0/neg
    4 - 0/neg
    5 - 0/neg
    6 - nd
    Osteosarcoma 1 - 0/neg
    Chondrosarcoma 1 + 0/neg
    2 + 1/neg

    aNY-ESO-1 expression at the RNA level was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. bNY-ESO-1 expression at the protein level was assessed by IHC using monoclonal antibody ES121 to NY-ESO-1. Scoring: 0, no positive cells; 1, rare and scattered positive cells; 2, < or = 50% positive cells; 3, >50% positive cells; nd, not done. Interpretation: pos, positive; neg, negative.

    • Table 3

      MHC class I and HLA-A2 expression in tumor cell lines.

      Cell line HLA-A2 typing MHC class I expression a HLA-A2 expression b
      Isotype control - IFN-gamma + IFN-gamma Isotype control - IFN-gamma + IFN-gamma
      SK-ES-1 + 5 20 325 2 6 134
      SK-LMS-1 + 7 184 543 6 107 551
      SK-UT-1 + 6 263 412 4 5 8
      SW 872 + 6 84 121 5 187 630
      Saos-2 + 6 118 150 4 84 150
      HOS + 11 183 230 7 244 558
      MES-SA - 6 28 245 3 5 6
      HT-1080 - 5 36 330 4 8 8
      SK-MEL-37 + 4 78 158 4 38 63
      Mel 275 + 5 76 * c 4 75 * c

      aMHC-class-I expression was assessed by staining with mAb W6/32. The mean fluorescence intensity is reported. bHLA-A2 expression was assessed by staining with mAb BB7.2. The mean fluorescence intensity is reported. cCells died upon treatment with IFN-gamma.

      • Table 4

        MHC class I expression in sarcoma tumors.

        Histological subtype Case no. MHC class I expression
        W6/32 a Interpretation b
        Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1 C1 +
        2 C2 +
        3 A1 -
        4 B1 +
        5 C2 +
        Synovial sarcoma 1 A0 -
        Uterine leiomyosarcoma 1 C2 +
        3 C2 +
        4 C2 +
        Leiomyosarcoma 1 A0 -
        2 A0 -
        3 C2 +
        4 C2 +
        5 C2 +
        6 C2 +
        Angiosarcoma 1 C2 +
        3 C2 +
        Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 1 C2 +
        2 A0 -
        4 C2 +
        5 B2 +
        Liposarcoma 1 C2 +
        2 A0 -
        5 C2 +
        6 A2 +
        Chondrosarcoma 1 C2 +

        aW6/32 scoring based on intensity (score from 0 to 3) and percentage of positive cells (A: <25% positive cells, B: 25-75% positive cells, C: >75% positive cells). bCases were considered negative if the immunohistochemical staining had a score of 0 to 1 in less than or equal to 25% tumor cells (A0 or A1). All other cases were considered positive.

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        Cancer Immunity Archive: 4 (1)
        January 2004
        Volume 4, Issue 1
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        The frequent expression of cancer/testis antigens provides opportunities for immunotherapeutic targeting of sarcoma
        Maha Ayyoub, Robert N. Taub, Mary-Louise Keohan, Mary Hesdorffer, Genevieve Metthez, Lorenzo Memeo, Mahesh Mansukhani, Hanina Hibshoosh, Charles S. Hesdorffer and Danila Valmori
        Cancer Immun January 1 2004 (4) (1) 7;

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        The frequent expression of cancer/testis antigens provides opportunities for immunotherapeutic targeting of sarcoma
        Maha Ayyoub, Robert N. Taub, Mary-Louise Keohan, Mary Hesdorffer, Genevieve Metthez, Lorenzo Memeo, Mahesh Mansukhani, Hanina Hibshoosh, Charles S. Hesdorffer and Danila Valmori
        Cancer Immun January 1 2004 (4) (1) 7;
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