Skip to main content
  • AACR Publications
    • Blood Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Cancer Immunology Research
    • Cancer Prevention Research
    • Cancer Research
    • Clinical Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

AACR logo

  • Register
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • About
    • The Journal
    • AACR Journals
    • Subscriptions
    • Permissions and Reprints
    • Reviewing
  • Articles
    • OnlineFirst
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Meeting Abstracts
    • Cancer Immunology Essentials
    • Collections
      • COVID-19 & Cancer Resource Center
      • Toolbox: Coding and Computation
      • Toolbox: Signatures and Cells
      • "Best of" Collection
      • Editors' Picks
  • For Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Author Services
    • Best of: Author Profiles
    • Submit
  • Alerts
    • Table of Contents
    • Editors' Picks
    • OnlineFirst
    • Citation
    • Author/Keyword
    • RSS Feeds
    • My Alert Summary & Preferences
  • News
    • Cancer Discovery News
  • COVID-19
  • Webinars
  • Search More

    Advanced Search

  • AACR Publications
    • Blood Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Cancer Immunology Research
    • Cancer Prevention Research
    • Cancer Research
    • Clinical Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

User menu

  • Register
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Cancer Immunology Research
Cancer Immunology Research
  • Home
  • About
    • The Journal
    • AACR Journals
    • Subscriptions
    • Permissions and Reprints
    • Reviewing
  • Articles
    • OnlineFirst
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Meeting Abstracts
    • Cancer Immunology Essentials
    • Collections
      • COVID-19 & Cancer Resource Center
      • Toolbox: Coding and Computation
      • Toolbox: Signatures and Cells
      • "Best of" Collection
      • Editors' Picks
  • For Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Author Services
    • Best of: Author Profiles
    • Submit
  • Alerts
    • Table of Contents
    • Editors' Picks
    • OnlineFirst
    • Citation
    • Author/Keyword
    • RSS Feeds
    • My Alert Summary & Preferences
  • News
    • Cancer Discovery News
  • COVID-19
  • Webinars
  • Search More

    Advanced Search

Review

The cancer/testis genes: Review, standardization, and commentary

Matthew J. Scanlan, Andrew J. G. Simpson and Lloyd J. Old
Matthew J. Scanlan
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch of Human Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrew J. G. Simpson
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch of Human Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lloyd J. Old
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch of Human Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
DOI:  Published January 2004
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Tables
  • Figure 1
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 1

    Expression profile of the ubiquitously expressed CT genes IL13RA/CT19, TSP50/CT20, OY-TES-1/CT23, and PLU-1/CT31. A standardized, quantitative end-point RT-PCR assay was used to evaluate the mRNA expression profile of IL13RA/CT19, TSP50/CT20, OY-TES-1/CT23, and PLU-1/CT31 in a series of 16 normal tissues (MTC panels I and II, BD Biosciences, Palo Alto CA). The level of PLU-1/CT31 expression was low in all tissues with the exception of testis. TSP50/CT20 transcripts were detected at high levels in testis, kidney, liver, and pancreas; at a moderate level in thymus and at low levels in all other normal tissues. Transcripts encoding IL13RA/CT19, SPA17/CT22, and OY-TES-1/CT23 were detected at high levels in 11/13 non-gametogenic tissues.

  • Figure 2
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Figure 2

    Verification of CT expression in normal pancreas by RT-PCR. End-point RT-PCR assay was used to verify the mRNA expression of 25 CT transcripts in a second sample of pancreatic cDNA (see text). The presence of mRNA encoding MAGEA1/CT1.1, XAGE-1a/CT12.1a, HAGE/CT13, PAGE-5/CT16A, IL13RA/CT19, TSP50/CT20, SPA17/CT22, OY-TES-1/CT23, BORIS/CT27, D40/CT29, PLU-1/CT31, SGY-1/CT34, NY-SAR-35/CT37, NXF2/CT39, TAF7L/CT40, and TDRD1/CT41.1 was confirmed in normal pancreas. Lane assignments are as follows: 1, OY-TES-1/CT23; 2, MAGEC1/CT7.1; 3, NY-ESO-1/CT6.1; 4, SYCP1/CT8; 5, BORIS/CT27; 6, ADAM2/CT15; 7, IL13RA/CT19; 8, PLU-1/CT31; 9, TDRD1/CT41.1; 10, TEX15/CT42; 11, MAGEA1/CT1.1; 12, TSP50/CT20; 13, NXF2/CT39; 14, SGY-1/CT34; 15, CAGE/CT26; 16, TAF7L/CT42; 17, D40/CT29; 18, PAGE-5/CT16.1; 19, NY-SAR-35/CT37; 20, SPA17/CT22; 21, HAGE/CT13; 22, SAGE/CT14; 23, SPANXC/CT11.3; 24, XAGE-1a/CT12.1a; 25, FATE/CT43.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Table 1

    Current list of CT genes: 44 CT gene families, 89 individual genes or isoforms.

    Transcript/ Transcript family CT Identifier Family Members/CT Identifier
    MAGEA CT1 MAGEA1/CT1.1, MAGEA2/CT1.2, MAGEA3/CT1.3, MAGEA4/CT1.4, MAGEA5/CT1.5, MAGEA6/CT1.6, MAGEA7/CT1.7, MAGEA8/CT1.8, MAGEA9/CT.9, MAGEA10/CT1.10, MAGEA11/CT1.11, MAGEA12/CT1.12
    BAGE CT2 BAGE/CT2.1, BAGE2/CT2.2, BAGE3/CT2.3, BAGE4/CT2.4, BAGE5/CT2.5
    MAGEB CT3 MAGEB1/CT3.1, MAGEB2/CT3.2, MAGEB5/CT3.3, MAGEB6/CT3.4
    GAGE1 CT4 GAGE1/CT4.1, GAGE2/CT4.2, GAGE3/CT4.3, GAGE4/CT4.4, GAGE5/CT4.5, GAGE6/CT4.6, GAGE7/CT4.7, GAGE8/CT4.8
    SSX CT5 SSX1/CT5.1, SSX2/CT5.2a, SSX2/CT5.2b, SSX3/CT5.3, SSX4/CT5.4
    NY-ESO-1 CT6 NY-ESO-1/CT6.1, LAGE-1a/CT6.2a, LAGE-1b/CT6.2b
    MAGEC1 CT7 MAGEC1/CT7.1, MAGEC3/CT7.2
    SYCP1 CT8 SYCP1/CT8
    BRDT CT9 BRDT/CT9
    MAGEE1 CT10 MAGEE1/CT10
    CTp11/SPANX CT11 SPANXA1/CT11.1, SPANXB1/CT11.2, SPANXC/CT11.3, SPANXD/CT11.4
    XAGE-1/GAGED CT12 XAGE-1a/CT12.1a, XAGE-1b/CT12.1b, XAGE-1c/CT12.1c, XAGE-1d/CT12.1d, XAGE-2/CT12.2, XAGE-3a/CT12.3a, XAGE-3b/CT12.3b, XAGE-4/CT12.4
    HAGE CT13 HAGE/CT13
    SAGE CT14 SAGE/CT14
    ADAM2 CT15 ADAM2/CT15
    PAGE-5 CT16 PAGE-5/CT16.1, CT16.2
    LIP1 CT17 LIP1/CT17
    NA88 CT18 NA88/CT12
    IL13RA1 CT19 IL13RA1/CT19
    TSP50 CT20 TSP50/CT20
    CTAGE-1 CT21 CTAGE-1/CT21.1, CTAGE-2/CT21.2
    SPA17 CT22 SPA17/CT22
    OY-TES-1 CT23 OY-TES-1/CT23
    CSAGE CT24 CSAGE/CT24.1, TRAG3/CT24.2
    MMA1/DSCR8 CT25 MMA-1a/CT25.1a, MMA-1b/CT25.1b
    CAGE CT26 CAGE/CT26
    BORIS CT27 BORIS/CT27
    HOM-TES-85 CT28 HOM-TES-85/CT28
    AF15q14/ D40 CT29 D40/CT29
    E2F-like/HCA661 CT30 HCA661/CT30
    PLU-1 CT31 PLU-1/CT31
    LDHC CT32 LDHC/CT32
    MORC CT33 MORC/CT33
    SGY-1 CT34 SGY-1/CT34
    SPO11 CT35 SPO11/CT35
    TPX1 CT36 TPX-1/CT36
    NY-SAR-35 CT37 NY-SAR-35/CT37
    FTHL17 CT38 FTHL17/CT38
    NXF2 CT39 NXF2/CT39
    TAF7L CT40 TAF7L/CT40
    TDRD1 CT41 TDRD1/CT41.1, NY-CO-45/CT41.2
    TEX15 CT42 TEX15/CT42
    FATE CT43 FATE/CT43
    TPTE CT44 TPTE/CT44
  • Table 2

    CT gene families encoding immunogenic gene products (CT antigens).

    Antigen Immune Response
    MAGEA/CT1 cellular and humoral
    BAGE/CT2 cellular
    MAGEB/CT3 humoral
    GAGE/CT4 cellular
    SSX/CT5 cellular and humoral
    NY-ESO-1/CT6 cellular and humoral
    MAGEC/CT7 humoral
    SYCP1/CT8 humoral
    SPANXB1/CT11.2 humoral
    NA88/CT18 cellular
    CTAGE/CT21 humoral
    SPA17/CT22 humoral
    OY-TES-1/CT23 humoral
    CAGE/CT26 humoral
    HOM-TES-85/CT28 humoral
    HCA661/CT30 humoral
    NY-SAR-35/CT37 humoral
    FATE/CT43 humoral
    TPTE/CT44 humoral
  • Table 3

    Published mRNA expression frequencies of CT genes in various cancersa.

    CT Family (Member) Frequency (%) of Expression in Tumor Type Ref
    Blad Brn Brst Col Eso Gas H/N Liver Leuk/ Lymph Lung (NSCLC) Mel Ov Pancr Pros Renal Sarc
    MAGEA1/CT1.1 22 - 18 2 53 29 28 80 0 49 48 28 - 15 0 14 44
    BAGE1/CT2.1 15 - 10 0 - - 8 - 0 4 26 15 - 0 0 6 44
    MAGEB1/CT3.1 0 0 17 0 - 0 0 - 0 14 22 - - 0 0 9 45
    GAGE/CT4.1 12 - 9 0 - - 19 38b 1 19 28 31 - 10 0 25 44
    SSX2/CT5.2 44 6 7 12 - - 35 9b 36 16 35 - - 40 5 50 46
    NY-ESO-1/CT6.1 80 0 30 0 - 0 - 29 0 17 34 25 0 25 9 0 8
    MAGEC1/CT7.1 44 - 30 10 - - 36 - - 33 70 - - - - 60 20
    SYCP1/CT8 - 47 20 0 - 7 - 28b 0 7 14 0 - 0 8 0 9
    BRDT/CT9 0 - 0 0 8 - 8 - - 25 0 - - - 0 - 16
    MAGEE1/CT10 44 - 38 0 - - 36 - - 24 50 - - - - 0 12
    SPANXC/CT11.3 9 - 25 22 0 - - - - 33 70 - 0 - - - 14
    XAGE-1a/CT12.1a - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - - - 22 47
    HAGE/CT13 24 37 5 31 27 - - 20 9 32 17 - - 22 6 20 13
    SAGE/CT14 12 0 5 0 20 - 17 - 4 22 4 - - 0 5 5 13
    ADAM2/CT15 - - 0 0 - - - - - 0 0 0 - - 12 - 17
    PAGE-5/CT16 - - 5 11 - - - - - 39 22 0 - - 44 - 17
    LIP1/CT17 - - 5 0 - - - - - 0 0 0 - - 25 - 17
    NA88/CT18 - - - - - - - - - - 11 - - - - - 48
    TSP50/CT20 - - 28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49
    CTAGE-1/CT21.1 - - - - - - - - 35 - - - - - - - 50
    SPA17/CT22 - - - - - - - - 26 - - - - - - - 51
    OYTES1/CT23 28 - 40 15 - 0 - 40 - 20 - - - - 0 - 52
    MMA1a/CT25.1a - - 0 0 0 - - - - 40 26 - 0 - - 18 15
    CAGE/CT26 - - - - - 89 - - - 100 - - - - - - 53
    HOMTES85/CT28 - 35 0 10 - - - 19 - 28 36 32 - 0 - - 54
    D40/CT29 - 20 - 13 - 0 - - - 41 - 36 27 - - - 55
    HCA661/CT30 0 - - - - 0 0 29 - - 20 - - - - - 56
    PLU-1/CT31 - - 86 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
    LDHC/CT32 - - 35 15 - - - - - 47 44 42 - 37 57 - 18
    MORC/CT33 - - 0 0 - - - - - 18 18 14 - 0 0 - 18
    SGY-1/CT34 - - 20 0 - - - - - 12 25 57 - 12 0 - 18
    SPO11/CT35 - - 0 0 - - - - - 0 6 0 - 0 0 - 18
    TPX1/CT36 - - 15 0 - - - - - - 6 14 - 37 14 - 18
    NYSAR35/CT37 42 - 23 0 8 - - - - 17 6 8 - - 0 8 57
    FTHL17/CT38 22 - 14 0 0 - 10 - 0 25 0 - - 0 0 0 58
    NXF2/CT39 19 - 0 11 12 - 5 - 0 15 55 - - 14 0 27 58
    TAF7L/CT40 10 - 0 0 0 - 10 - 0 9 21 - - 0 0 12 58
    TDRD1/CT41.1 28 - 37 0 10 - 22 - 5 5 0 - - 38 0 0 58
    TEX15/CT42 21 - 0 0 20 - 11 - 0 21 27 - - 12 33 28 58
    FATE/CT43 - - - 21 - 7 - 66 - 0 - - - - - - 19
    TPTE/CT44 - - - 0 - 0 - 39 - 36 - - - - - - 19

    aAbbreviations: Blad, bladder; Brn, brain; Brst, breast; Col, colon; Gas, gastric; H/N, head and neck; Leuk, leukemia; Lymph, lymphoma, NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; Mel, melanoma; Ov, ovarian; Pancr, pancreatic; Pros, prostate; Sarc, sarcoma; Ref, reference. bReference 59.

    • Table 4

      Normal tissue expressiona profiles of CT genes as determined by RT-PCRb.

      CT Genes with Testis-Restricted mRNA Expression (µg cDNA product)
      BAGE/CT2.1 (0.02), MAGEE1/ CT10 (>2.0), CSAGE/CT24.1 (0.01), SPO11/CT35 (0.02), MAGEB1/CT3.1 (>2.0), SAGE/CT14 (0.02), MMA-1/CT25.1a (0.02), TPX1/CT36 (0.02), GAGE1/CT4.1 (>2.0), LIP1/CT17 (0.02), HOM-TES-85/CT28 (0.75), FTHL17/CT38 (>2.0), SSX2/CT5.2 (0.04), NA88/CT18 (0.01), LDHC/CT32 (0.04), TPTE/CT44 (0.08), BRDT/CT9 (0.02), CTAGE-1/CT21.1 (0.02), MORC/CT33 (0.06)
      CT Transcripts Detected in 2 or Fewer Non-gametogeic Tissues
      CT Transcript Tissue (µg cDNA product)
      MAGEA1/CT1.1 testis (>2.0), pancreas (0.02)
      NY-ESO-1/CT6.1 testis (>2.0), placenta (0.05), pancreas (0.02), liver (0.11)
      MAGEC1/CT7.1 testis (0.14), pancreas (0.09)
      SYCP1/CT8 testis (>2.0), pancreas (0.03)
      SPANXC/CT11.3 testis (2.0), placenta (0.10), pancreas (1.2), liver (0.19)
      HAGE/CT13 testis (0.02), pancreas (0.01)
      ADAM2/CT15 testis (0.03), pancreas (0.02)
      SGY-1/CT34 testis (1.87), ovary (0.01), pancreas (0.03), spleen (0.01)
      NY-SAR-35/CT37 testis (1.3), placenta (0.01), pancreas (0.02), liver (0.01)
      TDRD1/CT41.1 testis (0.08), pancreas (0.02), spleen (0.01)
      Differentially Expressedc CT Genes
      CT Transcript Tissue (µg cDNA product)
      XAGE-1a/CT12.1a testis (>2.0), placenta (0.03), pancreas (0.02), spleen (0.02), thymus (0.02), lung (>2.0), skeletal muscle (0.01)
      PAGE-5/CT16.1 testis (0.07), pancreas (0.01), spleen (0.01), kidney (0.02), liver (0.02)
      CAGE/CT26 testis (0.23), pancreas (0.03), leukocytes (0.01), brain (0.01)
      BORIS/CT27 testis (>2.0), pancreas (0.03), prostate (0.01), thymus (0.01), kidney (0.02)
      D40/CT29 testis (0.05), placenta (0.02), pancreas (0.01), thymus (0.02), colon (0.01), lung (0.01)
      NXF2/CT39 testis (>2.0), pancreas (0.02), prostate (0.02), brain (0.02), kidney (0.02), lung (0.03)
      TEX15/CT42 testis (>2.0), ovary (0.02), pancreas (0.07), spleen (0.02), liver (0.06), small intestine (0.06), prostate (0.01)
      FATE/CT43 testis (>2.0), ovary (0.01), thymus (0.06), heart (0.02), kidney (0.02), lung (0.02), skeletal muscle (0.02), pancreas (0.02)
      TAF7L/CT40 testis (0.15), placenta (0.03), pancreas (0.03), prostate (0.01), brain (0.01), kidney (0.03), liver (0.03), small intestine (0.02)
      Ubiquitously Expressed CT Genes (Figure 1)
      IL-13r alpha/CT19, SPA17/CT22, PLU-1/CT31, TSP50/CT20, OY-TES-1/CT23

      aCommercially available, normalized cDNA (MTC panels, BD Biosciences, Palo Alto CA) derived from 13 non-gametogenic tissues (colon, leukocyte, prostate, spleen, thymus, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas and small intestine), as well as testis, ovary and placenta. b35 cycles of PCR amplification were performed using primer sequences and annealing temperatures described in primary publications. cDifferentially Expressed CT Transcripts were detected in 3-6 of the 13 non-gametogenic tissues analyzed.

      PreviousNext
      Back to top
      Cancer Immunity Archive: 4 (1)
      January 2004
      Volume 4, Issue 1
      • Table of Contents

      Sign up for alerts

      View this article with LENS

      Open full page PDF
      Article Alerts
      Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
      Email Article

      Thank you for sharing this Cancer Immunology Research article.

      NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

      Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
      The cancer/testis genes: Review, standardization, and commentary
      (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Cancer Immunology Research
      (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Cancer Immunology Research.
      CAPTCHA
      This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
      Citation Tools
      The cancer/testis genes: Review, standardization, and commentary
      Matthew J. Scanlan, Andrew J. G. Simpson and Lloyd J. Old
      Cancer Immun January 1 2004 (4) (1) 1;

      Citation Manager Formats

      • BibTeX
      • Bookends
      • EasyBib
      • EndNote (tagged)
      • EndNote 8 (xml)
      • Medlars
      • Mendeley
      • Papers
      • RefWorks Tagged
      • Ref Manager
      • RIS
      • Zotero
      Share
      The cancer/testis genes: Review, standardization, and commentary
      Matthew J. Scanlan, Andrew J. G. Simpson and Lloyd J. Old
      Cancer Immun January 1 2004 (4) (1) 1;
      del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
      • Tweet Widget
      • Facebook Like
      • Google Plus One

      Jump to section

      • Article
        • Abstract
        • The cancer/testis genes
        • CT gene expression in cancer
        • CT transcript expression in normal tissues
        • CT transcripts encoding immunogenic proteins
        • Concluding remarks
        • References
      • Figures & Data
      • Info & Metrics
      • PDF
      Advertisement

      Related Articles

      Cited By...

      More in this TOC Section

      • CTLA-4 blockade in tumor models: an overview of preclinical and translational research
      • NKG2D ligands as therapeutic targets
      • Database of T cell-defined human tumor antigens: the 2013 update
      Show more Review
      • Home
      • Alerts
      • Feedback
      • Privacy Policy
      Facebook   Twitter   LinkedIn   YouTube   RSS

      Articles

      • Online First
      • Current Issue
      • Past Issues
      • Cancer Immunology Essentials

      Info for

      • Authors
      • Subscribers
      • Advertisers
      • Librarians

      About Cancer Immunology Research

      • About the Journal
      • Editorial Board
      • Permissions
      • Submit a Manuscript
      AACR logo

      Copyright © 2021 by the American Association for Cancer Research.

      Cancer Immunology Research
      eISSN: 2326-6074
      ISSN: 2326-6066

      Advertisement