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Cancer Immunology Research

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Research Article

A CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist antibody reprogram the microenvironment of non-immunogenic tumors to allow T cell-mediated anticancer activity

Hayley S. Ma, Bibhav Poudel, Evanthia T Roussos Torres, John-William Sidhom, Tara M. Robinson, Brian J Christmas, Blake A. Scott, Kayla A Cruz, Skylar Woolman, Valerie Z. Wall, Todd D. Armstrong and Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Hayley S. Ma
Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
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Bibhav Poudel
Johns Hopkins University
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Evanthia T Roussos Torres
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
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John-William Sidhom
Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Tara M. Robinson
Oncology, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
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Brian J Christmas
Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
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Blake A. Scott
Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
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Kayla A Cruz
Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
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Skylar Woolman
Oncology, Johns Hopkins University
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Valerie Z. Wall
Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason
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Todd D. Armstrong
Department of Oncology, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
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Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
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  • For correspondence: ejaffee@jhmi.edu
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0061
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Abstract

In cancers with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 promote antitumor T cell immunity. Unfortunately most cancers fail to respond to single agent immunotherapies. T regulatory cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and extensive stromal networks within the tumor microenvironment (TME) dampen antitumor immune responses by preventing T-cell infiltration and/or activation. Few studies have explored combinations of immune checkpoint antibodies that target multiple suppressive cell populations within the TME, and fewer have studied the combinations of both agonist and antagonist mAbs on changes within the TME. Here we test the hypothesis that combining a T cell-inducing vaccine with both a PD-1 antagonist and CD40 agonist mAbs (triple therapy) will induce T cell priming and TIL activation in mouse models of non-immunogenic solid malignancies. In an orthotopic breast cancer model and both subcutaneous and metastatic pancreatic cancer mouse models, only triple therapy was able to eradicate most tumors. The survival benefit was accompanied by significant tumor infiltration of IFNγ-, Granzyme B-, and TNFα-secreting effector T cells. Further characterization of immune populations was carried out by high dimensional flow cytometric clustering analysis and visualized by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Triple therapy also resulted in increased infiltration of dendritic cells, maturation of antigen presenting cells, and a significant decrease in granulocytic MDSCs. These studies reveal that combination CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist mAbs reprogram immune resistant tumors in favor of antitumor immunity.

  • Received February 23, 2018.
  • Revision received August 8, 2018.
  • Accepted January 8, 2019.
  • Copyright ©2019, American Association for Cancer Research.

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Published OnlineFirst January 14, 2019
doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0061

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A CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist antibody reprogram the microenvironment of non-immunogenic tumors to allow T cell-mediated anticancer activity
Hayley S. Ma, Bibhav Poudel, Evanthia T Roussos Torres, John-William Sidhom, Tara M. Robinson, Brian J Christmas, Blake A. Scott, Kayla A Cruz, Skylar Woolman, Valerie Z. Wall, Todd D. Armstrong and Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Cancer Immunol Res January 14 2019 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0061

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A CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist antibody reprogram the microenvironment of non-immunogenic tumors to allow T cell-mediated anticancer activity
Hayley S. Ma, Bibhav Poudel, Evanthia T Roussos Torres, John-William Sidhom, Tara M. Robinson, Brian J Christmas, Blake A. Scott, Kayla A Cruz, Skylar Woolman, Valerie Z. Wall, Todd D. Armstrong and Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Cancer Immunol Res January 14 2019 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0061
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Cancer Immunology Research
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