Research Articles
Michael Dougan, Jessica R. Ingram, Hee-Jin Jeong, Munir M. Mosaheb, Patrick T. Bruck, Lestat Ali, Novalia Pishesha, Olga Blomberg, Paul M. Tyler, Mariah M. Servos, Mohammad Rashidian, Quang-De Nguyen, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Hidde L. Ploegh and Stephanie K. Dougan
Cancer Immunol Res April 1 2018 6 (4) 389-401; DOI:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0495
Although cytokines modulate immune responses, systemic administration necessitates high doses. With the use of cytokines fused to "VHHs" specific for PD-L1, systemic delivery of low doses led to intratumoral localization, allowing for therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer models.